Normalization is the process of structuring a database to improve data integrity and reduce redundancy.

First Normal Form (1NF):

  • requires a primary key
  • each column must be atomic

Second Normal Form (2NF):

  • 1NF
  • all non-prime attributes belongs to entire candidate key
  • = any non-prime attributes is dependent on the whole information in the candidate key
  • = removal of partial dependencies

Third Normal Form (3NF):

  • 2NF
  • Ensure each column to DIRECTLY related to primary key, but not others non-prime attribute
  • = removal of transitive dependency on another key