• Linux: An open-source operating system kernel created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. Often refers to the entire OS built around this kernel, including GNU tools, libraries, and other software, commonly called a “Linux distribution.”

  • Unix: A proprietary, multiuser, multitasking operating system originally developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs. It set the foundation for many modern OS designs.

  • Relationship:

    • Linux is Unix-like, meaning it behaves similarly to Unix and follows many of the same design principles and standards (e.g., POSIX).

    • Linux is not derived from Unix source code but was created independently to be compatible.

    • Both share concepts like file systems, permissions, shell environments, and utilities, but Linux is free and open-source, whereas traditional Unix systems are often proprietary.